Additionally, the effect of mechanical smoke exhaust is better than natural smoke exhaust, because mechanical smoke exhaust makes air flow and heat exchange more intense. Thus, the attenuation coefficient increases. When the smoke exhaust system is turned on, the smoke flow accelerates and the smoke is cooled rapidly. The greater the heat release rate of fire source is, the smaller the attenuation coefficient is, with a more than 50% change. The horizontal dimensionless smoke temperature rises under the atrium roof, and decreases exponentially with the dimensionless distance from the fire source. Under all cases, the smoke temperature reaches the maximum directly above the fire source. The simulation results of vertical temperature distribution in an atrium can fit the modified McCaffrey plume model in any case. There then comes a situation where the stabile section of the fire ends in advance. When the smoke exhaust system is turned on, the thickness of the smoke layer and the smoke temperature decrease. The conditions of a higher heat release rate also show the characteristics of faster generation, faster spread and a larger volume of smoke.
Furthermore, the average temperature of smoke in the atrium is also greater, up to about 400 ☌. The numerical simulation results show that under the conditions of higher heat release rate, the smoke spread rate is greater than that under the conditions of lower heat release rate.
PyroSim fire simulation software is used to calculate this project, which is based on a full-scale experimental design scheme. This paper uses a numerical simulation method to conduct research. In order to study the characteristics of fire smoke spread and temperature distribution of a large indoor pedestrian street under different heat release rates and smoke exhaust modes, this paper focuses on the analysis of fire smoke spread, visibility, smoke temperature distribution and variation curves in an atrium.
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